Category: Improving Lives

Association of Washington Tribes: Leadership, Advocacy and What’s Ahead

For the first time in its history, the Association of Washington Tribes (AWT) has a full-time Executive Director, demonstrating tribal leaders’ commitment to sustained and coordinated representation of tribes in Washington state.

Founded in 1998, the AWT has long served as a forum for tribes to advocate for tribal sovereignty and treaty rights. The organization advances the principles of the Centennial Accord, which established a formal government-to-government relationship between the State of Washington and federally recognized tribes.

AWT’s Executive Director is Patrick DePoe, a Makah tribal member with deep experience in tribal and state government. He previously served on the executive team at the Washington State Department of Natural Resources and spent six years as an elected member of the Makah Tribal Council, where he led tribal coordination with state and federal agencies on climate resilience and habitat restoration.

In his new role, DePoe is focused on strengthening relationships between tribes and state leaders and creating opportunities for meaningful engagement around key issues.

“I’m focused on making conversations happen,” explains DePoe.
That approach was evident last December, when nearly 200 people attended a two-day AWT meeting that brought together tribal leaders, Washington state legislators, department directors, and many others to discuss tribal perspectives on priority areas, including natural resources, healthcare, social services and the state’s budget.

DePoe credits the strong turnout in large part to tribal leaders, particularly AWT Chair and Lummi Nation Tribal Chair, Tony Hillaire.

“Chairman Hillaire does an excellent job of speaking with tribal leaders across the state about the importance of tribes coming together,” says DePoe.

He is equally appreciative of AWT Vice Chair and Chair of the Tulalip Tribes, Teri Gobin.

“I am incredibly grateful to the Tulalip Tribes for hosting the AWT meeting for tribal leaders and legislators and to Chair Gobin for giving so much to support AWT’s next chapter,” he says.

The next AWT meeting will take place during the Affiliated Tribes of Northwest Indians Winter Convention in early February. DePoe also plans to convene another AWT meeting later this year and facilitate smaller discussions between tribal leaders and state elected officials.

Despite ongoing challenges, including state budget shortfalls and the federal government’s trust responsibilities, DePoe remains optimistic.
“Every one of our tribal nations has power, he says. “When we come together, there’s so much we can accomplish.”

Strong Tribal Economies Benefit All of Washington

An economic impact study released this week shows that Washington’s 29 federally recognized tribes generated more than $7.4 billion in gross state product in 2023 alone—up from $6.6 billion in 2020.

Commissioned by the Washington Indian Gaming Association (WIGA) and authored by economists Amy Besaw Medford and Jonathan B. Taylor, The Economic & Community Benefits of Tribes in Washington explains how tribal economies—supported by gaming and a growing and diverse range of businesses—are investing in essential services, creating jobs and supporting families and communities across the state.

“We’re witnessing a remarkable transformation in Indian Country,” said Jonathan Taylor, co-author of the report. “Tribes in Washington have gone from having very few jobs on reservations to being leading employers. Today, tribes together are the state’s 8th largest employer.”

Key Tribal Economic Impacts:

  • $3.9 billion in wages and benefits
  • $1.5 billion in state and local taxes
  • 52,000+ jobs supported statewide—most held by non-Indian employees

This growth is having a powerful impact on the quality of life in the state. Since 1990, the real income of American Indians on reservations in Washington has grown by 59%, college degrees have doubled, and family poverty has dropped by 46%. But significant challenges remain: Native households still face poverty at four times the statewide average.

“While I’m proud of Washington tribes’ success, we have a long way to go,” said Ron Allen, Chairman of the Jamestown S’Klallam Tribe, who also chairs WIGA. “It’s important for the public to understand the impact tribal revenues have on our communities. These flexible revenues are a critical tool for our self-reliance.”

As tribes continue to drive economic growth and social progress, Washingtonians across the state stand to benefit for generations to come.

Evergreen Native Pathways Students Learn Through an Indigenous Lens

Education plays a vital role in advancing the lives of tribal members and their communities. Through education, today’s native students will become tomorrow’s tribal leaders. Yet the historical relationship between Native Americans and the U.S. education system has left a legacy of mistrust. Recognizing this, a growing number of educational institutions are offering programs aimed at supporting native students’ success by emphasizing tribal culture and identity. One such example is the Evergreen College’s Native Pathways Program (NPP).

For more than 30 years, NPP has supported Native American students in higher education by offering a degree program for students interested in “expanding knowledge through an Indigenous lens.”

Students participate in a cohort model of learning—a community working together towards a bachelor’s degree. The core academic curriculum is focused on research, writing, and critical thinking with an emphasis on leadership, building community, and cultivating Indigenous values. NPP uses works by Indigenous authors and scholars, engages in place-based learning that tells the stories of the lands we live on, and provides lessons centered on Indigenous cultural knowledge. The program includes diverse course offerings such as Rooted: Legacies of Food Justice; History of Federal Indian Law and Policy; and Native American Film Representation.

The NPP operates at several locations, including the main Evergreen campus in Olympia, the Longhouse at Peninsula Community College, and a new online/hybrid option, called “Salish Sea,” which allows the program to reach students who would otherwise be unable to participate.

The Native Pathways Program celebrates its class of 2024 with a graduation ceremony on Sat., Jun. 15, 2024.

Learn more on the Native Pathways Program website.

Meet Mackenzie Crow, zoology student and WIGA Scholarship Recipient

Mackenzie Crow is a member of the Suquamish Tribe, a zoology student at Washington State University, and a two-time recipient of the Washington Indian Gaming Association (WIGA) scholarship. In a conversation earlier this month, we asked Mackenzie about the importance of education, her career goals and what it means to be a WIGA Scholarship recipient.

Q: You’re in your junior year at WSU, studying zoology. Can you tell us why you chose this major?
I have known since I was a kid that I wanted a career where I can help and make a difference. I was lucky to grow up in an area where we could take field trips to nearby zoos and I think that’s where my initial love for zoology came from. I’ve always been fascinated by exotic animals like sloths and red pandas, so when it came time to pick a major, I knew zoology was for me.

Q: What are your career goals?
My main career goal is to become a zookeeper at the Woodland Park Zoo in Seattle, Washington. That’s where my initial love for this work began. I hope to one day work with large exotic animals like cheetahs, elephants and red pandas. I want to learn everything there is to know about these animals and use my knowledge to educate others. I want to make a difference by teaching people how threats like climate change and unlawful hunting practices are affecting wild animals, and what we can to do help protect them.

Q: How do you hope your work in conservation will benefit your community or the environment?
Once I have been a zookeeper for a while, I would like to transition into wildlife conservation and research. I grew up on a coastal reservation, where I went crabbing with my family. Over time, I have seen the crab population decrease, and I know it’s not just crabs, and it’s not just happening here in Washington. Certain animal populations are decreasing all over the world, on land and in the ocean. Research into why and what can be done is critical, especially to tribes that rely on them for a large portion of either income or diet.

Q: Why is higher education important to you? How has your heritage and culture has influenced your educational goals?
I come from a place where not many people in the past had the opportunity to get a higher education. I was surrounded by amazing, loving people who told me to dream big and taught me how important it is for there to be more Native American representation, especially in places where historically there hasn’t been much at all. By getting my degree, I’m honoring those who encouraged me to achieve what they didn’t get to.

I was fortunate to have some amazing role models growing up—my mom and sister both have higher education degrees. I want to continue that legacy and be a good role model for my younger sister, cousins and other kids in my community. I think it is important to be a good leader to show those younger than me that getting a higher education and achieving your dreams is possible.

Q: What role has the WIGA Scholarship played in your educational journey?
The WIGA scholarship has played a huge role in my educational journey. Because the funds are unrestricted, I can use them to pay my rent or purchase textbooks and school supplies. It is no secret that college is hard and stressful, so I am grateful to not have to stress about money on top of that.

I was fortunate to study abroad with a program called Semester at Sea, taking college classes on a ship with over 500 other students and traveling to ten different countries. The WIGA Scholarship Program helped make that possible. I will be forever grateful to WIGA and everyone who helped me continue my education while being able to see the world and experience different cultures.

Q: Lastly, what has been one of the highlights of your zoology education so far?
During my second year at WSU, I took an animal science class in which I learned about and then worked with animals like cows, sheep, horses and deer. It was my first real, hands-on experience, and it solidified that zoology is what I want to do.

Then, during my study abroad on Semester at Sea,  I went on two safaris in Kenya and South Africa and I  got to see real, wild, exotic animals. Seeing elephants, lions, giraffes and rhinos  was an eye-opening experience—I was even given the most amazing opportunity to pet a cheetah! It has easily become the top highlight of my zoology education and really showed me that I am exactly where I am supposed to be.

Meet Cheebo Frazier, tribal leader working to make meaningful change

WIGA Scholarship recipient Cheebo Frazier is Vice Chairwoman of the Nisqually Tribe, former Chief Human Resources Officer, Casino Manager and longest-serving GM for the Tribe’s Tribal gaming enterprise, and prior COO and CEO of the tribe’s corporate arm Medicine Creek Enterprise Corporation. She has a master’s degree in business administration and is pursuing her doctoral degree in education as an Indigenous Community Leader at the University of Washington/Muckleshoot Indian College. We recently asked Cheebo about her educational pursuits, career mission, and the role the WIGA scholarship has played in helping her achieve her goals.

Q: What inspired you to pursue a doctoral degree in educational leadership at the University of Washington Tacoma as part of the Muckleshoot Tribal Cohort? How does the program support your goals?
This program has taken me full circle. I participated in travel abroad as an undergrad at Dartmouth College, studying Brazilian Culture and Literacy in Brazil.  I was introduced to Paolo Freire’s teachings about critical consciousness and liberation of oppressed peoples. This doctoral program allowed me to remember those teachings and to think about its application to growing healthy communities.  What I particularly enjoy about Indigenous programs and this degree in specific are the integration of who we are as Tribal leaders in our community and the intersection between cultural continuity and growing leadership capacity through praxis. Moving from theory, or what some call “book knowledge”, to community practice and engagement helps us truly identify the wants and needs within our community and work to address them.  Having this progress in how we contribute to positive changes throughout our Indian nations is very fulfilling to me and I can see how our heartwork is truly making a difference.

That is “what” inspired me. As to “who” inspired me, that is my late Grandmother Frankie (Kautz) McCloud and Aunt Georgianna “Porgie” Kautz, both honorary doctorates from University of Puget Sound.  They set the bar very high in community work for Tribes and earned prestigious recognition, paving critical pathways.  I aspire to be as impactful toward meaningful change. Additionally, this program was different in that aspect in that it is instructed by Indigenous professors.  They are all doctorates, role models who have moved through this journey and are reaching back to pull us forward.

Q: You’ve already accomplished a great deal in your career. What goals are you focused on for the future and how has your tribal heritage and culture influenced you?
My experience in economic development was about creating opportunities for self-sufficiency for the Tribe. Presently, as an elected leader, the scope is much broader and although Tribal Council was not on my radar as a target, I was called forward and asked to step into this role and contribute. I am continually focusing on our Traditional values system and how we use it to guide our Indigenous communities.  Healing communities and reconciliation is how I’m moving forward as a Tribal leader. My goals are to find ways to bring our people back to community. This includes re-entry, recovery, intergenerational traumas, school challenges and using our traditional ways to be healthy and successful as a people. I have had wonderful guidance and mentors in my life who showed me how to have hope and to imagine new possibilities. I cannot be thankful enough to those ancestors and those Elders who keep encouraging and supporting us in this growth.

Q: What advice would you give Native students who are considering higher education or leadership roles?
There are technical tools that could prepare you, which are related to things like being skilled in APA, references and citations.  That was a learning curve for many of us. I’d also like to recommend you look at Indigenous authors, scholars and activists in academic areas that you are interested in. Attend some presentations and/or get to know others, friends and family, that have perhaps gone through graduate schools or are degreed in your area of interest. The thing is, there are now a lot of us who can help you navigate these unfamiliar environments. If you are wondering if you can do it, we know you can! We were also not sure if we could chew this big bite we bit off – a doctorate program – but with encouragement and support, we hold each other up.

Q: How has the WIGA Scholarship supported your educational journey?
There was a tremendous amount of worry and concern about affording the program. Many of us hold jobs, and we also have families and homes to provide for. It has been very motivating to be recognized as a student who is striving and working hard to give back to our Tribal communities. WIGA acknowledges this work and is helping in concrete ways to be sure that students are supported. Also, as I expressed to our Tribe, it’s important for Tribes to support their students too. There are some students who left the program specifically because they could not get financial support to offset the total cost of the program and they were absolutely brilliant, wonderful humans that were seeking to improve education for our Native nations. Their heartwork and degrees would have gone on to make immense and critical changes in the educational landscape and future outcomes for many generations beyond just their own. We must work to exponentially increase our space and place in higher education. I’m so glad that WIGA sees how these individual successes increase our collective abilities as Tribes.

Q: What has been one of the highlights of your doctoral program so far?
The span of incredible Native educators, scholars and authors is expansive and growing. I have absolutely loved reading and learning from Indigenous experts and researchers in their field and then having the opportunity to actually meet them and take part in programs or teachings with them. Many of our professors are published authors and they have created opportunities for us to write and contribute to Indigenous literature.  The circle is growing and as native people we are not outside of the circle we become part of this circle. I have met and worked with sensational and prolific educators and we’re so grateful for their teachings. It’s been an amazing experience.

Q: Lastly, when you’re not working or studying, what’s your favorite way to recharge or have fun?
Sharing what I love to do most is an easy answer! The pinnacle of my life has been becoming a kayəʔ.  I’m a “pre-elder” and grandmother. Although I love my job and love the doctoral program, I love spending time with my Grandson and Children the most. The wholesome family time during breaks is both healing and celebratory. The future generation are who we do this heartwork for, it is our most fundamental “why”.

“It makes such a big difference”: Attorney Amber Penn Roco reflects on receiving the WIGA Scholarship

Amber Penn-Roco is an attorney, mother of two, a member of the Chehalis Tribe and former Washington Indian Gaming Association (WIGA) Scholarship Recipient. In a recent interview, we asked her about her career and education, and what it means to be a WIGA Scholarship Recipient.

Q: Please tell us about your work.
A: I am a partner at Galanda Broadman, an indigenous rights law firm. I specialize in environmental protection and the preservation of cultural and natural resources. Being an attorney is a challenging career, and I find that the best way to navigate it is by finding work you are passionate about. My entire life, I knew I wanted to work on behalf of the Indigenous people, in order to give back to the communities that have given me so much. I think that the Tribes and Indigenous communities that I represent appreciate having an advocate who looks like them, who understands their communities, who understands the intricacies of what it is like to live on a reservation, to be a part of a Tribe, and to constantly fight for recognition as a government.

Q: Did you always know you would go to college and become an attorney?
A: My mom was a schoolteacher. She was the first in her family to receive a college education. She emphasized, from a very early age, that a good education was the key to success. She was a single mom with eight kids, and money was a constant struggle for our family. She did her absolute best, but, after my dad left, we ended up homeless for a time. I knew from a very early age that I wanted to go to college and pursue academic success so that I could help out my family, financially, and to make sure that my own family did not suffer the same kind of troubles.

By high school, I knew I wanted to go to law school and become an attorney. With that as my goal, the primary issue, was, practically, how to make it happen. College is expensive. When you consider trying to fund an additional three years of law school, after four years of college, the investment required felt nearly insurmountable, it was incredibly difficult to figure out a way to make it work. My Tribe tried, my family tried, I tried—and we simply did not have enough money to fund it ourselves. I was determined, I applied for every scholarship I could find. Throughout my seven-year academic career, spanning three different colleges, my education simply would not have been possible without scholarships. I would not be an attorney without the generosity of others.

Q: What role did the WIGA Scholarship play in your educational journey?
A: I received the WIGA scholarship at the perfect time. In my third year of law school, all my scholarships ran out. I found myself putting textbooks on a credit card, in order to make ends meet. I was forced to contemplate whether I could afford to finish my law degree. Receiving the scholarship funds from WIGA meant I could afford to focus on my education and not be distracted with wondering how I was going to be able to pay my bills or buy my textbooks. It makes such a difference, to be able to focus on college and classes and not on how to survive.

One thing I love about the WIGA scholarship is that it is unrestricted funds. WIGA recognizes that the cost of school is not limited to just tuition and books. There are a million costs associated with putting yourself through college, it is so incredibly helpful that they provide students with funds and allow the student to decide how to best use those funds to make ends meet.

It is also so nice to have a scholarship that is directly aimed at Indigenous students. It is very difficult to find programs like this. It was delightful to apply and be able to put my tribal affiliation on the application.

Q: What does your family think of where your education has taken you?
A: They are so proud. My mom was my biggest cheerleader. She loved that I went to law school. One of my favorite photos of us ever taken is a picture from my law school graduation. You can just feel how proud she is and how she feels like she made it too. And my daughters. They see me, a strong, female, person of color, an attorney owning my own law firm, and they have someone to look up to. I think they are very proud of me.