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Preserving Culture Through Tribal Language Programs

Native American culture has flourished in Washington state for thousands of years. Tribes in Washington are working to ensure native culture continues to be an integral part of our regional identity. One way Tribes are accomplishing this is through tribal language programs. Language is at the heart of tribal identity. It is the foundation of religious and ceremonial practices and cultural heritage, and it’s an irreplaceable part of Tribes’ self-preservation, self-determination, and sovereignty.

Here are a few of the many programs across the state that are preserving and revitalizing tribal languages and dialects:

Puyallup Tribal Language Program
The Puyallup Tribe of Indians’ Tribal Language Program was created to revitalize the Twulshootseed language by incorporating it into daily conversation. The program cultivates Twulshootseed language usage in school—it’s taught in the K-12 Chief Leschi School, at the University of Washington, and online—as well as at home, at work, in social settings, and through media and storytelling. Learn more on the program’s website, explore their youtube channel, or find them on social media.

Kalispel Language Program
The Kalispel Tribe of Indians developed the Kalispel Language Program to reclaim and preserve their Salish language and create a new generation of native language speakers. The program includes a curriculum that spans all age groups, learning materials like workbooks, songbooks, language software, and the Kalispel Language Immersion School for grades K-5. Salish is also taught to Junior High and High School students in the area. Learn more on the program’s website.

Kalispel Language Program founder and Language Director JR Bluff with a Kalispel Language Immersion School student.

Cowlitz Coast Salish Language Revitalization
In 2020, the Cowlitz Indian Tribe launched a partnership with The Language Conservancy to revitalize the use of the Cowlitz Coast Salish Language, which had been extinct for nearly 50 years. After reconstructing the language from old documents and recordings, the Tribe has developed a collection of learning tools, including an alphabet book, two picture books, an online dictionary, and a “Cowlitz Vocab Builder” app. Learn more on the Tribe’s website or in this recent article in Big Country News.

Washington Tribes Are Reviving First Food Traditions

Smoking salmon

What do salmon, camas, clams, and nettles have in common? They’re all Indigenous First Foods—part of a complex diet of natural resources that tribes have relied on since time immemorial. Traditional First Foods for tribes in what is now Washington state include berries, plants, roots, salmon, shellfish and wild game.

First Foods are more than just nourishment—they are vital to the cultural identity of Native tribes. They represent a deep connection with the land and a way of life that values respect and balance with nature. The right to hunt, gather and fish traditional foods is also fundamental to tribal sovereignty and guaranteed through tribal treaties.

Thimbleberry (ɫəɫaq in the Twulshootseed language)

Today, many tribes are working hard to revive Indigenous food traditions disrupted by colonization and industrialization. From clam gardens to camas harvests, tribes across the state are promoting health and sustainability, preserving culture and exercising their sovereignty through traditional food programs.

As part of this movement, Indigenous communities are sharing First Foods recipes, inviting others to experience these traditional flavors and learn about the deep cultural connections behind them.

Here’s a recipe to try at home!

You can find this recipe and a wealth of information about traditional foods and medicines on the Squaxin Island Tribe’s Salish Roots Farm Food Sovereignty Program Facebook page. 

“It makes such a big difference”: Attorney Amber Penn Roco reflects on receiving the WIGA Scholarship

Amber Penn-Roco is an attorney, mother of two, a member of the Chehalis Tribe and former Washington Indian Gaming Association (WIGA) Scholarship Recipient. In a recent interview, we asked her about her career and education, and what it means to be a WIGA Scholarship Recipient.

Q: Please tell us about your work.
A: I am a partner at Galanda Broadman, an indigenous rights law firm. I specialize in environmental protection and the preservation of cultural and natural resources. Being an attorney is a challenging career, and I find that the best way to navigate it is by finding work you are passionate about. My entire life, I knew I wanted to work on behalf of the Indigenous people, in order to give back to the communities that have given me so much. I think that the Tribes and Indigenous communities that I represent appreciate having an advocate who looks like them, who understands their communities, who understands the intricacies of what it is like to live on a reservation, to be a part of a Tribe, and to constantly fight for recognition as a government.

Q: Did you always know you would go to college and become an attorney?
A: My mom was a schoolteacher. She was the first in her family to receive a college education. She emphasized, from a very early age, that a good education was the key to success. She was a single mom with eight kids, and money was a constant struggle for our family. She did her absolute best, but, after my dad left, we ended up homeless for a time. I knew from a very early age that I wanted to go to college and pursue academic success so that I could help out my family, financially, and to make sure that my own family did not suffer the same kind of troubles.

By high school, I knew I wanted to go to law school and become an attorney. With that as my goal, the primary issue, was, practically, how to make it happen. College is expensive. When you consider trying to fund an additional three years of law school, after four years of college, the investment required felt nearly insurmountable, it was incredibly difficult to figure out a way to make it work. My Tribe tried, my family tried, I tried—and we simply did not have enough money to fund it ourselves. I was determined, I applied for every scholarship I could find. Throughout my seven-year academic career, spanning three different colleges, my education simply would not have been possible without scholarships. I would not be an attorney without the generosity of others.

Q: What role did the WIGA Scholarship play in your educational journey?
A: I received the WIGA scholarship at the perfect time. In my third year of law school, all my scholarships ran out. I found myself putting textbooks on a credit card, in order to make ends meet. I was forced to contemplate whether I could afford to finish my law degree. Receiving the scholarship funds from WIGA meant I could afford to focus on my education and not be distracted with wondering how I was going to be able to pay my bills or buy my textbooks. It makes such a difference, to be able to focus on college and classes and not on how to survive.

One thing I love about the WIGA scholarship is that it is unrestricted funds. WIGA recognizes that the cost of school is not limited to just tuition and books. There are a million costs associated with putting yourself through college, it is so incredibly helpful that they provide students with funds and allow the student to decide how to best use those funds to make ends meet.

It is also so nice to have a scholarship that is directly aimed at Indigenous students. It is very difficult to find programs like this. It was delightful to apply and be able to put my tribal affiliation on the application.

Q: What does your family think of where your education has taken you?
A: They are so proud. My mom was my biggest cheerleader. She loved that I went to law school. One of my favorite photos of us ever taken is a picture from my law school graduation. You can just feel how proud she is and how she feels like she made it too. And my daughters. They see me, a strong, female, person of color, an attorney owning my own law firm, and they have someone to look up to. I think they are very proud of me.

Meet and Greet: Rosina DePoe, Deputy Director of the Washington Indian Gaming Association

Rosina DePoe is a citizen of the Makah Tribe and has Siletz heritage (Rogue River Tutuni). She works as the Deputy Director of the Washington Indian Gaming Association (WIGA), a nonprofit organization that represents 23 Washington tribes. As part of her job, Rosina manages the WIGA Scholarship Program, which helps Native American and Alaska Native students who want to further their education. She also administers WIGA’s responsible gaming initiatives, which advance policies, resources and support for those impacted by problem gambling. We caught up with Rosina to chat about her 5-year milestone at WIGA and to find out more about her work, career path, and the role education has played in her life.

Q: Please tell us about your role at WIGA. Do you have a favorite aspect of your job?
A: As the Deputy Director of WIGA, I support overall operations, community outreach and education efforts and help ensure we meet our strategic goals. I also have the pleasure of working on projects like the annual Northwest Indian Gaming Conference and Expo.

My favorite aspect of my job is managing the scholarship program. As a former WIGA scholarship recipient, I feel like things have come full circle—I went from being a student to managing the distribution of scholarship funds for students in need. When I read applications, I have the opportunity to learn their stories and better understand their vision for helping tribal communities. It is inspiring and exciting to see the next generation of leaders, doctors, language keepers, teachers and scientists breaking down barriers. They are ready to take up well-deserved space, bringing our native voices to the table and letting the world know we are here to stay.

Q: As a citizen of the Makah Tribe, how has your heritage influenced your career and your professional or leadership style?
A: My grandmother Nell “Mazie” Peterson played a foundational role in my cultural upbringing, along with both of my parents. I come from both a coastal and plains Indian heritage—I am a citizen of the Makah Tribe and a descendant of the Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa, Rogue River Tututni and Cheyenne. My family ensured I grew up with cultural teachings to know who I am, where I come from, and, most importantly, how much they love me. They taught me my family songs and dances and encouraged me to be a proud, strong native woman.

From a young age, my family always told me I could be anything and do anything I want if I work hard, do well in school and make sure my heart is in it. I knew right away I wanted to work for my tribe or for a tribal organization. My grandmother was also very influential in my leadership style. She taught me patience (which I don’t always have, ha!). She taught me the importance of hearing people out because often they just want to be heard and seen, and to know someone cares about their concerns. These lessons are critical when working with tribal communities and building relationships.

Q: You earned your Master of Public Administration (MPA) degree in Tribal Governance from the Evergreen State College. What did you gain from your MPA program that has been key to your professional development?

A: When I started the program, I had little knowledge of the inner workings of tribal governments. I grew up with a very general understanding. Obtaining my MPA gave me the foundation I needed to grasp the complexities of tribal, state and federal relations. I also gained an in-depth understanding of the history of federal legislation and policies created to harm or benefit tribal nations, which is very useful since much of WIGA’s work is policy analysis, understanding the potential legal impacts of a policy to tribal communities. The MPA program also enhanced my critical thinking and policy analysis skills and strengthened my ability to report findings to tribal leadership. Finally, my education helped me understand the importance of relationships – from working with the public, to building relationships with influencers and decision makers, and the role tribal sovereignty plays in this process.

Q: Why do you believe higher education is important, especially for Native Americans?

A: As an indigenous person, we must walk in two worlds. We try to balance and nourish our cultural soul and teachings while being hyper-aware of a world that surrounds us with constant change and impacts to who we are as tribes. Higher education provides additional tools and knowledge to navigate this challenging path of continuing the important work begun by our ancestors and tribal leaders before us. For me, higher education is a means to continue to protect our tribal sovereignty and tell our story. It is also an opportunity for tribal people to share stories that educate and enlighten the non-tribal students and educators around us.

Q: What are some of your hobbies or interests outside of your professional work?

A: I am an avid softball player. I currently participate in a competitive women’s slow-pitch team and play on two co-ed teams. I have also taken up golf—Goodness, that game is hard! But that one good shot makes it worth the hassle of all the bad ones. I also love taking time to go home and visit my family in Neah Bay, spending time on the ocean. Just being outside is my favorite thing to do. I also dabble in beading and sewing ribbon skirts when I have time. Additionally, I love spending time with my husband, Rick, and two pups, Loki and Louis.

Q: How can readers support the efforts of WIGA and the scholarship program?

A: Get involved! Donate to the scholarship fund, share it with your contacts and spread the word about how WIGA is helping Native students achieve their higher education goals. You are also invited to attend our 3rd Annual WIGA Scholarship Program Gala & Auction hosted by the Kalispel Tribe of Indians at Northern Quest Resort & Casino—It’s a really fun and inspirational event in support of this important program.